Evening Primrose
Image: abelkinser (cc-by-nc)
NameEvening Primrose
Scientific NameOenothera biennis
Common NamesEvening Primrose, Common Evening Primrose, German Rampion, King's Cure-all, Fever-plant, Sun drop
Plant FamilyOnagraceae
Natural HabitatCommonly found in disturbed soils, roadsides, fields, open woodlands, and waste areas across temperate regions. It thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil.
Parts Usedleaf,flower,root,seed
Medicinal Actionsanti-inflammatory,antioxidant,demulcent,astringent,nervine,sedative
Traditional UsesTraditionally, the roots were consumed as a vegetable. Leaves and flowers were used topically for skin irritations, bruises, and wounds, and internally as an astringent and mild sedative. The seeds, particularly their oil, are widely utilized for conditions such as eczema, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menopausal symptoms, and rheumatoid arthritis, primarily due to their gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) content.
Active ConstituentsGamma-linolenic acid (GLA), Linoleic acid (LA), Flavonoids, Tannins, Mucilage, Triterpenes
Preparation Methodsinfusion,decoction,tincture,essential_oil,powder,salve
Contraindications & WarningsGenerally considered safe, but caution is advised for individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant medications due to potential antiplatelet effects of GLA. It may interact with phenothiazines, potentially increasing seizure risk. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal upset or headaches.
Cultivation NotesEvening Primrose is easy to grow from seed in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. As a biennial, it flowers and sets seed in its second year, readily self-seeding and potentially becoming weedy in suitable conditions.
Raritycommon
Description
Oenothera biennis is a biennial herbaceous plant native to eastern and central North America, characterized by a basal rosette in its first year and a tall, erect flowering stalk in its second. It produces yellow flowers that open at dusk, followed by distinctive elongated seed capsules, as seen in the image.
