Wild Indigo
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NameWild Indigo
Scientific NameBaptisia tinctoria
Common NamesWild Indigo, False Indigo, Yellow Wild Indigo, Rattlebush, Horsefly Weed
Plant FamilyFabaceae
Natural HabitatNative to eastern and central North America, found in dry to moist open woodlands, prairies, savannas, and clearings. It prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil.
Parts Usedroot
Medicinal Actionsantimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,astringent
Traditional UsesTraditionally used by Native Americans for fevers, infections, sore throats, and as a purgative. Early American settlers adopted its use for typhoid fever, diphtheria, and other severe infections, often acting as an immune stimulant and lymphatic cleanser. It was also used externally for skin conditions and wounds.
Active ConstituentsAlkaloids (e.g., baptisine, cytisine), Polysaccharides, Glycoproteins, Flavonoids, Tannins
Preparation Methodstincture,decoction,powder
Contraindications & WarningsContraindicated during pregnancy and lactation due to potential toxicity. Should be used with caution in individuals with autoimmune diseases or those on immunosuppressant medications. High doses can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Cultivation NotesPrefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained, average to poor soil. It is drought-tolerant once established and forms a deep taproot, making it difficult to transplant. Propagated by seed, which benefits from scarification and cold stratification.
Raritycommon
Description
A perennial herbaceous plant characterized by its erect stems, trifoliate leaves, and terminal racemes of bright yellow, pea-like flowers. It typically grows 2-4 feet tall and forms a bushy clump, producing inflated seed pods that rattle when dry.
