Henbane
NameHenbane
Scientific NameHyoscyamus niger
Common NamesBlack Henbane, Henbane, Stinking Nightshade, Hog's Bean, Jupiter's Beard
Plant FamilySolanaceae
Natural HabitatNative to Eurasia, Black Henbane typically grows in disturbed soils, waste ground, roadsides, field margins, and sometimes in sandy coastal areas. It prefers well-drained, nitrogen-rich soils.
Parts Usedleaf,seed,whole_plant
Medicinal Actionsanalgesic,sedative,nervine
Traditional UsesTraditionally, Henbane was used as a powerful sedative and pain reliever, particularly for toothaches, neuralgia, and rheumatic pains. It was also employed to induce sleep, calm nervous excitement, and alleviate spasms, including those of the digestive and respiratory systems. Due to its extreme toxicity, it was often used externally in poultices or oils for local pain relief, and internal use was highly restricted and dangerous.
Active Constituentshyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine
Preparation Methodstincture,poultice,powder,salve
Contraindications & WarningsHenbane is highly toxic and poisonous; all parts of the plant are dangerous. It should never be used internally without strict medical supervision due to its potent tropane alkaloids. Contraindications include glaucoma, prostate enlargement, heart conditions, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children. It can interact with other anticholinergic drugs, sedatives, and alcohol, exacerbating side effects. Overdose can lead to delirium, hallucinations, coma, and death.
Cultivation NotesHenbane is relatively easy to grow from seed in well-drained, fertile soil in full sun to partial shade. It prefers a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. It is often considered a weed in some regions. Handle with gloves due to its toxicity.
Raritycommon
Description
Black Henbane is a biennial or annual herbaceous plant characterized by its sticky, hairy stems and leaves. It produces distinctive pale yellow to greenish-purple, bell-shaped flowers with prominent dark purple veins and a dark throat. The plant can grow up to 1 meter tall and has an unpleasant odor.
