Pachliopta acuta
Image: Sneha Elango (cc-by-nc)
NamePachliopta acuta
Scientific NameAristolochia indica
Common NamesIndian Birthwort, Ishwari
Plant FamilyAristolochiaceae
Natural HabitatNative to tropical and subtropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, *Aristolochia indica* thrives in forests, scrublands, and along riverbanks, preferring humid environments.
Parts Usedroot,leaf,whole_plant
Medicinal Actionsanti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antioxidant
Traditional UsesHistorically, *Aristolochia indica* was used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments including snake bites, skin infections, fever, and as an emmenagogue. However, due to the presence of highly toxic aristolochic acids, its internal use is now globally contraindicated.
Active ConstituentsAristolochic acids (I, II), aristolactams, lignans, flavonoids
Preparation Methodsdecoction,powder
Contraindications & WarningsABSOLUTELY CONTRAINDICATED for internal use due to severe nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity caused by aristolochic acids, leading to irreversible kidney damage and urothelial cancers. Also contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, and for external use on broken skin.
Cultivation Notes*Aristolochia indica* prefers warm, humid climates and well-drained, fertile soil. It is a climbing plant that requires support and can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. Cultivation is primarily for ornamental purposes or for supporting *Pachliopta* butterfly populations, not for medicinal use.
Rarityuncommon
Description
While 'Pachliopta acuta' refers to a species of swallowtail butterfly (whose caterpillar is shown in the image), this entry describes *Aristolochia indica*, a primary host plant for *Pachliopta* caterpillars. It is a climbing perennial herb or woody vine with heart-shaped leaves and distinctive pipe-shaped, purplish-brown flowers.
