Ephedra
NameEphedra
Scientific NameEphedra sinica
Common NamesMa Huang, Mormon Tea, Green Ephedra, Desert Tea
Plant FamilyEphedraceae
Natural HabitatArid and semi-arid regions, deserts, rocky slopes, and dry plains across Asia, Europe, and North and South America. It thrives in well-drained, sandy, or gravelly soils.
Parts Usedwhole_plant
Medicinal Actionsexpectorant,diuretic
Traditional UsesTraditionally, Ephedra (especially *Ephedra sinica*, known as Ma Huang) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for treating asthma, bronchitis, colds, and flu due to its bronchodilator and decongestant properties. North American species, often called Mormon Tea, were used by indigenous peoples for colds, kidney ailments, and as a general tonic.
Active ConstituentsEphedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Norephedrine
Preparation Methodsinfusion,decoction,powder,tincture
Contraindications & WarningsEphedra can cause significant cardiovascular effects (e.g., hypertension, heart palpitations, stroke), anxiety, insomnia, and tremors. It is contraindicated in individuals with heart disease, high blood pressure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, prostate enlargement, or anxiety disorders. It interacts dangerously with MAO inhibitors, other stimulants, and certain blood pressure medications. Due to severe safety concerns, its sale and use are highly restricted or banned in many countries.
Cultivation NotesEphedra prefers full sun exposure and extremely well-drained, sandy or rocky soil. It is highly drought-tolerant once established and requires minimal water. Propagation can be challenging, often done by seed or cuttings, but germination rates can be low.
Raritycommon
Description
Ephedra is a genus of shrubby gymnosperms characterized by numerous slender, jointed, photosynthetic stems and small, scale-like leaves. These plants typically grow in arid and semi-arid regions, often appearing green, though some species or conditions can cause a reddish-brown hue.
