small-leaf ray flower
Namesmall-leaf ray flower
Scientific NameNicotiana attenuata
Common NamesCoyote Tobacco, Wild Tobacco, Small-leaf Tobacco, small-leaf ray flower
Plant FamilySolanaceae
Natural HabitatNative to western North America, this plant thrives in disturbed areas, dry plains, deserts, open woodlands, and roadsides. It often colonizes recently burned sites and prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils.
Parts Usedleaf,whole_plant
Medicinal Actionsanalgesic,sedative,antimicrobial
Traditional UsesIndigenous peoples of North America have traditionally used this plant for various purposes, often ritualistic or ceremonial. It was smoked, chewed, or applied topically as a poultice for pain relief (e.g., toothaches, earaches), insect bites, and skin ailments. Due to its toxicity, internal use was highly controlled and often associated with spiritual practices.
Active ConstituentsNicotine, Anabasine, Nornicotine, Diterpenoids, Flavonoids
Preparation Methodspowder,poultice,infusion
Contraindications & WarningsHighly toxic due to significant nicotine content; not safe for internal consumption without expert guidance and extreme caution. Can cause severe adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tremors, convulsions, and death. Avoid during pregnancy, lactation, and in individuals with heart conditions, high blood pressure, or neurological disorders. Interacts with many medications. External use should also be approached with caution due to potential skin absorption.
Cultivation NotesThis annual plant grows readily from seed in full sun and well-drained soil. It is drought-tolerant once established and can self-seed vigorously in suitable conditions.
Raritycommon
Description
Nicotiana attenuata is an annual herb characterized by its sticky, glandular-hairy stems and small, often spatulate leaves. It produces numerous pale cream to white, trumpet-shaped flowers with five distinct lobes, often featuring a greenish throat.
