Hyoscyamus orthocarpus
Image: Conveyor Belt (cc0)
NameHyoscyamus orthocarpus
Scientific NameHyoscyamus orthocarpus Schönb.-Tem.
Common NamesHenbane, Egyptian Henbane
Plant FamilySolanaceae
Natural HabitatFound in Sepiao Valley, 3-4km east of Zurbatya, Iraq, specifically in saline gypsum soil. This indicates a preference for dry, arid, or semi-arid environments with specific soil compositions.
Parts Usedleaf,seed,whole_plant
Medicinal Actionsanalgesic,nervine,sedative
Traditional UsesHistorically, *Hyoscyamus* species have been used as powerful narcotics and sedatives to relieve severe pain, induce sleep, and calm nervous excitement due to their potent tropane alkaloids. It was also applied externally in poultices for localized pain and spasms. Due to its extreme toxicity, its use was always with great caution and is now largely restricted to pharmaceutical preparations under strict medical supervision.
Active ConstituentsHyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Atropine
Preparation Methodstincture,poultice,powder
Contraindications & WarningsExtremely toxic and poisonous; should never be used without expert medical supervision. Contraindicated in cases of glaucoma, prostatic enlargement, heart conditions, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in children. It interacts dangerously with other anticholinergic drugs, sedatives, and alcohol.
Cultivation NotesPrefers well-drained, often calcareous or saline soils and full sun. It is typically an annual or biennial plant. Due to its high toxicity, cultivation requires extreme caution and is generally not recommended for home gardeners.
Rarityuncommon
Description
This herbarium specimen displays a herbaceous plant with large, broadly ovate to oblong leaves, often with wavy or toothed margins, and a robust, somewhat hairy stem. The leaves appear sessile or sub-sessile, suggesting a basal rosette with smaller leaves ascending the stem. The plant is preserved in a dried state, showing its overall morphology.
